AIM: The most effective therapeutic approach for patients with supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma (SGLC) and clinically negative neck (cN0) remains a subject of much debate. The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the following question: among patients with SGLC and cN0 neck, are the survival and occurrence of neck metastases significantly different between patients that received neck dissection and those that had another therapeutic treatment (radiotherapy, combined therapy, 'wait and see' policy)?MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CENTRAL databases, followed by extensive hand-searching for the identification of relevant studies. The following inclusion criteria were established: the study should (a) include a comparison of neck dissection with one of the other therapeutic procedures for cN0 of SGLC; (b) report the therapy for the initial supraglottic cancer; and (c) use time-to-event analysis of its results. Six studies were eventually identified and systematically reviewed.RESULTS: All studies included in the systematic review were retrospective (n=792 patients). The survival (overall, disease-specific and neck disease-free) and the site of neck recurrence of the patients with N0 supraglottic cancer were not significantly different between patients in the neck dissection treatment group and those of the rest of the therapeutic strategies examined (neck radiotherapy, combined therapy and 'wait and see' policy).CONCLUSIONS: The present systematic review highlights the need for further well-designed prospective studies that will provide more reliable answers to the debatable issue of the management of cN0 of SGLC. Currently, based on the best available evidence, it seems that neck dissection is not superior to radiotherapy or combined therapy or a 'wait and see' policy in terms of survival and control of neck disease.