The Polygenic Nature and Complex Genetic Architecture of Specific Learning Disorder.
Τίτλος | The Polygenic Nature and Complex Genetic Architecture of Specific Learning Disorder. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Authors | Georgitsi, M., Dermitzakis I., Soumelidou E., & Bonti E. |
Journal | Brain Sci |
Volume | 11 |
Issue | 5 |
Date Published | 2021 May 14 |
ISSN | 2076-3425 |
Abstract | Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder which may involve persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia), written expression and/or mathematics. Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties with speed and accuracy of word reading, deficient decoding abilities, and poor spelling. Several studies from different, but complementary, scientific disciplines have investigated possible causal/risk factors for SLD. Biological, neurological, hereditary, cognitive, linguistic-phonological, developmental and environmental factors have been incriminated. Despite worldwide agreement that SLD is highly heritable, its exact biological basis remains elusive. We herein present: (a) an update of studies that have shaped our current knowledge on the disorder's genetic architecture; (b) a discussion on whether this genetic architecture is 'unique' to SLD or, alternatively, whether there is an underlying common genetic background with other neurodevelopmental disorders; and, (c) a brief discussion on whether we are at a position of generating meaningful correlations between genetic findings and anatomical data from neuroimaging studies or specific molecular/cellular pathways. We conclude with open research questions that could drive future research directions. |
DOI | 10.3390/brainsci11050631 |
Alternate Journal | Brain Sci |
PubMed ID | 34068951 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC8156942 |