Background: Solitary tracheobronchial papilloma (STBP) is a rare benign tumor. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is associated with dysplasia and a high risk of carcinoma.
Case 1: Sixty five year old male with hemoptysis and with coilocytic atypia, indicating the presence of HPV.
Case 2: Thirty two year old female with a polypoid villoglandular bronchial structure and no cytoplasmic or nuclear atypia but prominent microvilli.
Discussion: Tissue sample is the best sample in order to determine and distinguish the two entities, local treatment should be considered as first option when possible.