Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy in the Mediterranean region: a systematic review.
Τίτλος | Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy in the Mediterranean region: a systematic review. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Authors | Karras, S., Paschou S. A., Kandaraki E., Anagnostis P., Annweiler C., Tarlatzis B. C., Hollis B. W., Grant W. B., & Goulis D. G. |
Journal | Eur J Clin Nutr |
Volume | 70 |
Issue | 9 |
Pagination | 979-86 |
Date Published | 2016 09 |
ISSN | 1476-5640 |
Λέξεις κλειδιά | Female, Humans, Mediterranean Region, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency |
Abstract | Despite high levels of sunshine, maternal hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy is prevalent in the Mediterranean region. The aim of this study is to systematically review trials that investigated vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy in this region, in order to determine predictors of hypovitaminosis D and explain this phenomenon. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 15 studies were entered into the systematic review involving 2649 pregnant women and 820 neonates. The main outcome was maternal vitamin D status, assessed by serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Possible predictors of the outcome included maternal age, body mass index (BMI), race, socioeconomic status, skin type, gestational age, sun exposure, calcium and vitamin D intake and supplementation, smoking status, parity and season of delivery. Studies differed widely in vitamin D deficiency criteria, method of measurement and outcomes. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency ranges from 9.3 to 41.4%, whereas that of vitamin D deficiency from 22.7 to 90.3%. A positive association with 25(OH)D concentrations exists for light skin color, white race, uncovered dressing pattern, maternal vitamin D supplementation and season of gestation (spring/summer). An inverse association exists for BMI and gestational age, whereas data for smoking and socioeconomic status are controversial. We concluded that vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy seems to be quite common, even in the Mediterranean region. Racial, social and cultural habits, as well as the absence of preventive supplementation/dietary strategies, seem to negate the benefits of sun exposure. |
DOI | 10.1038/ejcn.2016.12 |
Alternate Journal | Eur J Clin Nutr |
PubMed ID | 26931671 |