Lung cancer treatment has evolved during the last decade from the non-specific cytotoxic drugs to targeted therapy. New diagnostic equipment such as the endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy and positron emission tomography has enhanced early lung cancer diagnosis. However; we still need additional novel biomarkers to assist the already used diagnostic techniques. Surgery is the still the best treatment for early lung cancer treatment. Several surgical techniques are being used based on the tumour location and cardiothoracic centre's experienced. There are however marginal situations where neo-adjuvant chemotherapy provides a "pre-step" for the patient. In the current work we will provide current data for the patients needing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy before proceeding to curative surgery.