Premature infants are a major risk group for bone metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study is to clarify certain aspects of bone metabolism in healthy preterm and full-term neonates. Forty neonates (20 preterm and 20 full-term) were the material of the study. For each neonate demographic data (gender, gestational week) and anthropometric data (body weight) were recorded. Blood samples were collected and biochemical markers of bone metabolism (serum ALP, Ca, P, Mg) were immediately estimated. According to the results there is a statistically significant difference in average ALP of preterm neonates compared to full term neonates. Slightly higher values of Ca, P, Mg occurred in premature neonates while there was a statistically significant difference in the weeks of gestation and body weights between the two groups. It is typical in premature neonates the decrease in levels of ALP by the weeks of gestation and the stable levels of Ca. Gestational week seems to positively affect P and Mg levels in preterm neonates. Conclusively from our study's results arises that the week of gestation and not so much the body weight influence the alterations of bone biochemical biomarkers in healthy premature newborns. It seems that very premature neonates have high levels of serum ALP in decompensation of lower levels of Mg and P from all the newborns in this study. Therefore in very premature neonates, it is recommended to estimate serum ALP, Mg and P for assessment of bone turnover.