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Paramuscular and paraneural perforators in DIEAP flaps: radiographic findings and clinical application.

TitleParamuscular and paraneural perforators in DIEAP flaps: radiographic findings and clinical application.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2009
AuthorsGravvanis, A., Dionyssiou D. D., Chandrasekharan L., Francis I., & Smith R. W.
JournalAnn Plast Surg
Volume63
Issue6
Pagination610-5
Date Published2009 Dec
ISSN1536-3708
KeywordsAbdominal Wall, Angiography, Dissection, Humans, Mammaplasty, Middle Aged, Rectus Abdominis, Retrospective Studies, Surgical Flaps, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

The computed tomography microangiography revolutionized the planning of abdominal flaps, and enabled us to identify perforators from the deep inferior epigastric system with a medial extramuscular or minimal medial intramuscular trajectory. We define these perforators as paramuscular and paraneural, since their main course is retromuscular and they emerge medial to the medial border of rectus muscle or medial to its motor nerve supply, respectively. Studying the different perforator distributions in the abdomen of 58 patients who underwent breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap, we have recorded that 46.4% of the abdominal walls have a dominant paramuscular/paraneural perforator (25.8% paramuscular and 20.6% paraneural) with an average diameter 1.56 +/- 0.2 mm. Although, the comparison of the rectus muscle morbidity following deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap dissection based on paramuscular/paraneural and based on other perforator patterns, did not reveal significant differences, paraneural/paramuscular type perforators are not related anatomically to the motor nerves, and the donor site morbidity should be negligible in any operator's hands.

DOI10.1097/SAP.0b013e318196cbfc
Alternate JournalAnn Plast Surg
PubMed ID19816152

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