Pre-Pregnancy Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Greece.
Title | Pre-Pregnancy Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Greece. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Authors | Tranidou, A., Dagklis T., Magriplis E., Apostolopoulou A., Tsakiridis I., Chroni V., Tsekitsidi E., Kalaitzopoulou I., Pazaras N., & Chourdakis M. |
Journal | Nutrients |
Volume | 15 |
Issue | 4 |
Date Published | 2023 Feb 07 |
ISSN | 2072-6643 |
Keywords | Diabetes, Gestational, Diet, Diet, Mediterranean, Female, Greece, Humans, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors |
Abstract | Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a growing epidemic affecting pregnant women and their offspring. This study aimed to identify the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) before conception and the risk of GDM in a contemporary Greek pregnant cohort. A prospective cohort of pregnant women was recruited at the routine first trimester visit. Nutritional intake was evaluated using a population specific validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Pre-pregnancy adherence to MD was derived using two different scoring systems, the Mediterranean diet index score (MDS), and a modified version. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were computed using multiple logistic regression models for each score derived. Of 743 participating women, 112 (15.1%) developed GDM. The MDS index showed that scoring 5-9 points (high adherence) was associated with a lower GDM incidence (aOR: 0.57 95% CI (0.32, 0.90), = 0.02), while the modified MDS index showed no significant association for any level of adherence. Pre-pregnancy consumption of "meat and derivatives" and "fatty meat and processed meat" was associated with a higher risk of GDM, with both scoring systems ( = 0.008, = 0.004, respectively). A higher adherence to a MD pre-pregnancy, especially with less meat consumption, may have a protective effect on the occurrence of GDM. |
DOI | 10.3390/nu15040848 |
Alternate Journal | Nutrients |
PubMed ID | 36839206 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC9967881 |