Occurrence and fate of ozonation by-products at a full-scale drinking water treatment plant.
Title | Occurrence and fate of ozonation by-products at a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Authors | Papageorgiou, A., Voutsa D., & Papadakis N. |
Journal | Sci Total Environ |
Volume | 481 |
Pagination | 392-400 |
Date Published | 2014 May 15 |
ISSN | 1879-1026 |
Keywords | Acetaldehyde, Formaldehyde, Ozone, Pyruvaldehyde, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Purification |
Abstract | The occurrence and fate of carbonyl compounds as ozonation by-products at a full scale drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) were studied for one year. Raw water and samples after the main treatment processes (pre-ozonation, coagulation/flocculation, sand filtration, main ozonation, filtration through granular activated carbon and chlorination) were collected on a monthly basis. Pre-ozonation led to the formation of carbonyl compounds at concentrations of 67.3 ± 43.3 μg/l as sum of 14 carbonyl compounds whereas lower concentrations were determined after the main ozonation process, 32.8 ± 22.3 μg/l. The dominant compounds were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal and methyl glyoxal contributing to 65% of total carbonyl content. The DOC reactivity in formation of carbonyl compounds varied through the year exhibiting the higher values in spring. Coagulation/flocculation and sand filtration significantly removed (64-80%) the carbonyl compounds formed at the pre-ozonation step. The removal efficiency of filtration through granular activated carbon showed great variation ranging from 15 to 62%. Finally, the concentrations of carbonyl compounds in finished water were low, close to detection limits, revealing the efficiency of DWTP in the removal of this class of ozonation by-products. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.069 |
Alternate Journal | Sci. Total Environ. |
PubMed ID | 24607632 |